University of Wisconsin Hematology

Hodgkin’s disease

General, biology

  1. Brice et al. Classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Lancet 2021;398:1518
  2. Mottok and Steidl. Biology of classical Hodgkin lymphoma: implications for prognosis and novel therapies. Blood 2018;131:1654
  3. DeVita and Hubbard. Hodgkin’s disease. NEJM 1993;328:560
  4. Brenner et al. Ongoing improvement in long-term survival of patients with Hodgkin disease at all ages and recent catch-up of older patients. Blood 2008;111:2977
  5. Evens et al. A retrospective multicenter analysis of elderly Hodgkin lymphoma: outcomes and prognostic factors in the modern era. Blood 2012;119:692(Age > 70 and poor performance status predicted poor outcome; 32% incidence of bleomycin lung toxicity)
  6. Moccia et al. International Prognostic Score in Advanced-Stage Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Altered Utility in the Modern Era. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:3383
  7. Connors J. Risk assessment in the management of newly diagnosed classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2015;125:1693
  8. Reichel et al. Flow sorting and exome sequencing reveal the oncogenome of primary Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. Blood 2015;125:1061
  9. Spina et al. Circulating tumor DNA reveals genetics, clonal evolution, and residual disease in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2018;131:2413
  10. Weiss et al. Detection of Epstein-Barr viral genomes in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin’s disease. NEJM 1989; 320:502
  11. Ambinder R. Epstein-Barr virus and Hodgkin lymphomas. Hematology 2007:204
  12. Hjalgrim et al.  Characteristics of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma after Infectious Mononucleosis. NEJM 2003;349:14
  13. Kanakry et al. Plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA predicts outcome in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma: correlative analysis from a large North American cooperative group trial. Blood 2013;121:3547(EBV-DNA positive patients had worse prognosis)
  14. Murray and Young. An etiological role for the Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2019;134:591
  15. Cozen et al. A protective role for early oral exposures in the etiology of young adult Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 3009;114:4014(Oral exposure to microbes at young age protects against HD)
  16. Clifford et al. Hodgkin lymphoma in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Blood 2009;113;5727(No evidence that HD more likely to occur with higher CD4 counts)
  17. Weitzman et al. Impaired humoral immunity in treated Hodgkin’s disease. NEJM 1977; 297:245
  18. Mack et al. Concordance for Hodkgin’s disease in identical twins suggesting genetic susceptibility to the young-adult form of the disease. NEJM 1995;332:413
  19. Hasenclever et al. A prognostic score for advanced Hodgkin’s disease. NEJM 1998;339:1506
  20. Scott et al. Gene Expression–Based Model Using Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Biopsies Predicts Overall Survival in Advanced-Stage Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:692
  21. Aoki and Steidl. Novel insights into Hodgkin lymphoma biology by single-cell analysis. Blood 2023;141:1791
  22. Steidl et al. Tumor-associated macrophages and survival in classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma. NEJM 2010; 362:875(More macrophages = worse prognosis; see also editorial)
  23. Lister et al. Report of a committee convened to discuss the evaluation and staging of patients with Hodkgin’s disease: Cotswolds meeting. J Clin Oncol 1989; 7:1630
  24. Gerstner et al. CNS Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2008;112:1658
  25. Sasse et al. Outcome of Patients With Early-Stage Infradiaphragmatic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Analysis From the German Hodgkin Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2018;36:2603(This presentation associated with inferior outcome, may benefit from more aggressive treatment)

Treatment

  1. Bröckelmann et al. Balancing risk and benefit in early-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2018;131:1666
  2. Lim and Johnson. Optimizing therapy in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2018;131:1679
  3. DeVita et al. Curability of advanced Hodgkin’s disease with chemotherapy. Ann Intern Med 1980; 92:587
  4. Johnson and McKenzie. How I treat advanced classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2015;125:1717
  5. Epperla and Herrera. How I incorporate novel agents into the treatment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2021;138:520(Brentuximab, novolumab, pembrolizumab)
  6. Uldrick and Little. How I treat classical Hodgkin lymphoma in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Blood 2015;125:1226
  7. Vivani et al. ABVD versus BEACOPP for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma When High-Dose Salvage Is Planned. NEJM 2011;365:203(BEACOPP gave better initial tumor control, but no difference in long-term outcome)
  8. Merli et al. Long-Term Results of the HD2000 Trial Comparing ABVD Versus BEACOPP Versus COPP-EBV-CAD in Untreated Patients With Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Study by Fondazione Italiana Linfomi. J Clin Oncol 2016;34:1175(Neither alternative regimen superior to ABVD)
  9. Carde et al. Eight Cycles of ABVD Versus Four Cycles of BEACOPPescalated Plus Four Cycles of BEACOPPbaseline in Stage III to IV, International Prognostic Score ≥ 3, High-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma: First Results of the Phase III EORTC 20012 Intergroup Trial. J Clin Oncol 2016;2028(BEACOPP not superior to ABVD)
  10. Johnson et al. Adapted Treatment Guided by Interim PET-CT Scan in Advanced Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. NEJM 2016;374:2419(AVD x 4 as effective as ABVD, and less toxic, in patients who are PET negative after 2 cycles of ABVD; with editorial)
  11. Gordon et al. Randomized Phase III Trial of ABVD Versus Stanford V With or Without Radiation Therapy in Locally Extensive and Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Intergroup Study Coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E2496). J Clin Oncol 2013;31:684(CR rates and FFS similar for both regimens; “ABVD remains the standard of care”)
  12. Younes et al. Phase 2 study of rituximab plus ABVD in patients with newly diagnosed classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2012;119:4123(83% EFS, 96% OS at 5 years, well-tolerated; better results in patients with CD20+ tumors)
  13. Aleman et al.  Involved-Field Radiotherapy for Advanced Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.  NEJM 2003;348:2396
  14. Engert et al. Reduced-intensity chemotherapy and PET-guided radiotherapy in patients with advanced stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HD15 trial): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2012;379:1791(6 cycles of chemo + PET-guided XRT superior to 8 cycles of chemo alone)
  15. Borchmann et al. PET-guided treatment in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HD18): final results of an open-label, international, randomised phase 3 trial by the German Hodgkin Study Group. Lancet 2017;390:2790
  16. Ghesquières et al. The phase 2 LYSA study of prednisone, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and bendamustine for untreated Hodgkin lymphoma in older patients. Blood 2024;143:983
  17. Proctor et al. Evaluation of treatment outcome in 175 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma aged 60 years or over: the SHIELD study. Blood 2012;119:6005
  18. Böll et al. ABVD in Older Patients With Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated Within the German Hodgkin Study Group HD10 and HD11 Trials. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:1522(Dose reduction, treatment delay, toxicity, and TRM more common on older pts)
  19. Forero-Torres et al. Phase 2 study of frontline brentuximab vedotin monotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma patients aged 60 years and older. Blood 2015;126:2798 (73% CR; median PFS 10.5 mo; 30% had grade 3 neuropathy)
  20. Friedberg et al. Brentuximab vedotin with dacarbazine or nivolumab as frontline cHL therapy for older patients ineligible for chemotherapy. Blood 2024;143:786
  21. Connors et al. Five-year follow-up of brentuximab vedotin combined with ABVD or AVD for advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2017;130:1375(Brentuximab + AVD 5-year FFS 92%)
  22. Connors et al. Brentuximab Vedotin with Chemotherapy for Stage III or IV Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. NEJM 2018;378:331(ECHELON-1 trial. Brentuximab + AVD gave superior outcomes compared to ABVD; neuropathy in brentixumab group usually reversible. With editorial)
  23. Straus et al. Brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy for stage III/IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma: 3-year update of the ECHELON-1 study. Blood 2020;135:735 (Results with Brentuximab-AVD remain superior at 3 yrs)
  24. Ansell et al. Overall Survival with Brentuximab Vedotin in Stage III or IV Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. NEJM 2022;387:310 (Antibody + AVD superior to ABVD; with editorial)
  25. Eichenauer et al. Incorporation of brentuximab vedotin into first-line treatment of advanced classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma: final analysis of a phase 2 randomised trial by the German Hodgkin Study Group. Lancet Oncol 2017;18:1680
  26. Abramson et al. Brentuximab vedotin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine for nonbulky limited-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2019;134:606
  27. Friedberg et al. Frontline brentuximab vedotin in combination with dacarbazine or bendamustine in patients aged ≥60 years with HL. Blood 2017;130:2829(B+D effective, with acceptable safety; high rate of adverse events with B+B)
  28. Evens et al. Multicenter Phase II Study of Sequential Brentuximab Vedotin and Doxorubicin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine Chemotherapy for Older Patients With Untreated Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2018;36:3015(Bv-AVD effective and well-tolerated)
  29. Castellino et al. Brentuximab Vedotin with Chemotherapy in Pediatric High-Risk Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. NEJM 2022;387:1649 (59% reduction in events or death with brentuximab)
  30. Fornecker et al. Brentuximab Vedotin Plus AVD for First-Line Treatment of Early-Stage Unfavorable Hodgkin Lymphoma (BREACH): A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized, Phase II Trial. J Clin Oncol 2023;41:327
  31. Ramchandren et al. Nivolumab for Newly Diagnosed Advanced-Stage Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: Safety and Efficacy in the Phase II CheckMate 205 Study. J Clin Oncol 2019;37:1997
  32. Herrera et al. Nivolumab+AVD in Advanced-Stage Classic Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.  NEJM 2024;391:1379 (N+AVD more effective and less toxic than brentuximab + AVD.  With editorial)
  33. Lee et al. Brentuximab vedotin, nivolumab, doxorubicin, and dacarbazine for advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2025;145:290 (2-year PFS 88% with favorable safety profile)
  34. Allen et al. Pembrolizumab followed by AVD in untreated early unfavorable and advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2021;137:1318
  35. Lynch et al. Concurrent pembrolizumab with AVD for untreated classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2023;141:2576 (90% CR, 2-yr PFS 100%)
  36. Carbone et al. Are EBV-related and EBV-unrelated Hodgkin lymphomas different with regard to susceptibility to checkpoint blockade? Blood 2018;132:17(Suggests EBV-related disease should be more susceptible to checkpoint blockade)
  37. Dabaja et al. Proton therapy for adults with mediastinal lymphomas: the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group guidelines. Blood 2018;132:1635

Early-stage Hodgkin disease

  1. Armitage J. Early-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma. NEJM 2010;363:653
  2. Meyer and Hoppe. Point/counterpoint: early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma and the role of radiation therapy. Blood 2012;120:4488
  3. Crump et al. Evidence-based focused review of the role of radiation therapy in the treatment of early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2015;125:1708(Better PFS with combined modality, but similar OS with salvage therapy)
  4. Straus et al. Results of a prospective randomized clinical trial of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) followed by radiation therapy (RT) versus ABVD alone for stages I, II, and IIIA nonbulky Hodgkin disease. Blood 2004;104:3483   (No significant advantage to combined modality therapy)
  5. Meyer et al. Randomized Comparison of ABVD Chemotherapy With a Strategy That Includes Radiation Therapy in Patients With Limited-Stage Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:4634   (No difference in overall survival with combined modality therapy)
  6. Koontz et al. Combined-Modality Therapy Versus Radiotherapy Alone for Treatment of Early-Stage Hodgkin’s Disease: Cure Balanced Against Complications. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:605
  7. Fermé et al. Chemotherapy plus Involved-Field Radiation in Early-Stage Hodgkin’s Disease. NEJM 2007;357:1916(Chemotherapy + XRT superior to XRT alone)
  8. Meyer et al. ABVD alone versus radiation-based therapy in limited-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma. NEJM 2012;366:399(ABVD treatment had better long-term survival due to lower death rate from other causes)
  9. Behringer et al. Omission of dacarbazine or bleomycin, or both, from the ABVD regimen in treatment of early-stage favourable Hodgkin’s lymphoma (GHSG HD13): an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2015;385:1418(Inferior outcomes if either drug omitted)
  10. Engert et al. Two Cycles of Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine Plus Extended-Field Radiotherapy Is Superior to Radiotherapy Alone in Early Favorable Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Final Results of the GHSG HD7 Trial. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3495
  11. Engert et al. Reduced treatment intensity in patients with early-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma. NEJM 2010;363:640(2 cycles of ABVD + 20 Gy involved-field radiation as effectve as more intensive treatment, less toxic)
  12. Straus et al. Doxorubicin, vinblastine, and gemcitabine (CALGB 50203) for stage I/II nonbulky Hodgkin lymphoma: pretreatment prognostic factors and interim PET. Blood 2011;117:5314(73% CR rate)
  13. von Tresckow et al. Dose-Intensification in Early Unfavorable Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Final Analysis of the German Hodgkin Study Group HD14 Trial. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:907(2 cycles BEACOPP + 2 cycles ABVC somewhat better than ABVD x 4)
  14. Kumar et al. Brentuximab vedotin and AVD followed by involved-site radiotherapy in early stage, unfavorable risk Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2016;128:1458(Treatment highly active, generally well-tolerated)
  15. Kumar et al. Brentuximab Vedotin Combined With Chemotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Early-Stage, Unfavorable-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2021;39:2265
  16. Radford et al. Results of a Trial of PET-Directed Therapy for Early-Stage Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. NEJM 2015;372:1598(Modest improvement in 3 year OS from IF XRT even if PET negative after 3 cycles of ABVD; with editorial)
  17. Straus et al. CALGB 50604: risk-adapted treatment of nonbulky early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma based on interim PET. Blood 2018;132:1013(Negative PET after 2 cycles ABVD, followed by 2 more cycles of ABVD, gave 3 year PFS of 91%)
  18. Böll et al. Bleomycin in older early-stage favorable Hodgkin lymphoma patients: analysis of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) HD10 and HD13 trials. Blood 2016;127:2189(Excess toxicity & severe lung toxicity in older patients getting 4 cycles of ABVD)

Lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin disease

  1. Eichenauer and Engert. How I treat nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2020;136:2987
  2. Borchmann et al. Active surveillance for nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2019;133:2121(73% of 37 patients managed with surveillance alone did not need active treawtment over a 5 year period)
  3. Eichenauer et al. Long-Term Course of Patients With Stage IA Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Report From the German Hodgkin Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:2857(Involved field XRT proposed as standard of care)
  4. Eichenauer et al. Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated in the HD7 to HD15 Trials: A Report From the German Hodgkin Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2020;38:698 (Most deaths from complications of therapy rather than disease progression)
  5. Xing et al. Advanced-stage nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma compared with classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a matched pair outcome analysis. Blood 2014;123:3567
  6. Fanale et al. Encouraging activity for R-CHOP in advanced stage nodular lymphocyte–predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2017;130:472(59 patients; 89% CR rate, 10 year PFS 59%)
  7. Savage et al. Treating limited-stage nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma similarly to classical Hodgkin lymphoma with ABVD may improve outcome. Blood 2011;118:4585
  8. Eichenauer et al. Interim PET-guided treatment for early-stage NLPHL: a subgroup analysis of the randomized GHSG HD16 and HD17 studies. Blood 2023;142:553
  9. Eichenauer et al. Phase 2 study of rituximab in newly diagnosed stage IA nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the German Hodgkin Study Group. Blood 2011;118:4363
  10. Advani et al. Mature Results of a Phase II Study of Rituximab Therapy for Nodular Lymphocyte–Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:912
  11. Chen et al. Early-Stage, Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Patient Outcomes From a Large, Single-Institution Series With Long Follow-Up. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:136(Limited-field XRT superior to chemotherapy)
  12. Binkley et al. Stage I-II nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: a multi-institutional study of adult patients by ILROG. Blood 2020;135:2365
  13. Al-Mansour et al. Transformation to aggressive lymphoma in nodlular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:793(Transformation risk 7% at 10 yrs, 30% at 20 yrs)
  14. Kenderian et al. Large B-cell transformation in nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: 40-year experience from a single institution. Blood 2016;127:1960(Transformation rate <1%/yr, no effect on survival)
  15. Eichenauer et al. Relapsed and refractory nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: an analysis from the German Hodgkin Study Group. Blood 2018;132:1519
  16. Saarinen et al. High Familial Risk in Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:938

Relapsed/refractory disease

  1. Bröckelmann et al. Late Relapse of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Analysis of the German Hodgkin Study Group HD7 to HD12 Trials. J Clin Oncol 2017;35:1444(After 10 years, relapse rate remains constant at about 2% per 5 years; late relapse more common in patients with early stage disease)
  2. Mehta-Shah and Bartlett. Management of relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma in transplant-ineligible patients. Blood 2018;131:1698
  3. Younes et al. Brentuximab Vedotin (SGN-35) for Relapsed CD30-Positive Lymphomas. NEJM 2010;363:1812
  4. Rothe et al. Brentuximab vedotin for relapsed or refractory CD30+ hematologic malignancies: the German Hodgkin Study Group experience. Blood 2012;120:1470(OR rate 60%, CR rate 22%)
  5. Gopal et al. Durable remissions in a pivotal phase 2 study of brentuximab vedotin in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2015;125:1236(One-third of patients had CR; 3 year PFS after CR 58%)
  6. Schulz et al. Rituximab in relapsed lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: long-term results of a phase 2 trial by the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG). Blood 2008;111:109
  7. Kuruvilla et al. How I treat relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2011;117:4208
  8. Younes A. Novel treatment strategies for patients with relapsed classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Hematology 2009;507
  9. Bartlett N. Therapies for Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma: Transplant and Non-Transplant Approaches Including Immunotherapy. Hematology 2005:245-251
  10. Fehniger et al. A phase 2 multicenter study of lenalidomide in relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2011;118:5119(19% overall response rate, 33% had at least stable disease)
  11. Moskowitz et al. Phase II Study of Bendamustine in Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:456(33% CR, 19% PR)
  12. LaCasce et al. Brentuximab vedotin plus bendamustine: a highly active first salvage regimen for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2018;132:40
  13. Santoro et al. Five-year results of the BEGEV salvage regimen in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood Adv 2020;4:136(Bendamustine, gemcitabine, vinorelbine; 5 yr PFS 59%)
  14. Herrera et al. Interim results of brentuximab vedotin in combination with nivolumab in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2018;131:1183(61% CR rate, well-tolerated)
  15. Ansell et al. PD-1 Blockade with Nivolumab in Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. NEJM 2015;372:311(87% response rate, 17% CR; with editorial)
  16. Amand et al. Programmed Death-1 Blockade With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma After Brentuximab Vedotin Failure. J Clin Oncol 2016;34:3733 (Overall response rate 65%)
  17. Chen et al. Phase II Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab for Relapsed/Refractory Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2017;35:2125
  18. Chen et al. Pembrolizumab in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: 2-year follow-up of KEYNOTE-087. Blood 2019;134:1144(“Durable and deep responses”)
  19. Armand et al. Five-year follow-up of KEYNOTE-087: pembrolizumab monotherapy for relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2023;142:878 (2nd course may be effective in late relapse)
  20. Mei et al. Pembrolizumab plus vorinostat induces responses in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma refractory to prior PD-1 blockade. Blood 2023;142:1359
  21. Cader et al. A peripheral immune signature of responsiveness to PD-1 blockade in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Nat Med 2020;26:1468
  22. Mei et al. Response-adapted anti-PD-1–based salvage therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma with nivolumab alone or in combination with ICE. Blood 2022;139:3605
  23. Advani et al. Brentuximab vedotin in combination with nivolumab in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: 3-year study results. Blood 2021;138:427(93% OS at 3 yrs)
  24. Harker-Murray et al. Nivolumab and brentuximab vedotin with or without bendamustine for R/R Hodgkin lymphoma in children, adolescents, and young adults. Blood 2023;141:2075
  25. Rothe et al. A phase 1 study of the bispecific anti-CD30/CD16A antibody construct AFM13 in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2015;125:4024(11.5% PR, 50% stable disease, low to moderate toxicity)

Staging, Imaging

  1. Barrington et al. PET-CT for staging and early response: results from the Response-Adapted Therapy in Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma study. Blood 2016;127:1531(PET-CT upstaged 14% of patients and downstaged 6%)
  2. Hutchings et al. FDG-PET after two cycles of chemotherapy predicts treatment failure and progression-free survival in Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2006;107:52
  3. Kobe et al. Positron emission tomography has a high negative predictive value for progression or early relapse for patients with residual disease after first-line chemotherapy in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2008;112:3989
  4. Advani et al. Impact of Positive Positron Emission Tomography on Prediction of Freedom From Progression After Stanford V Chemotherapy in Hodgkin’s Disease. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3902(4 year freedom from progression 96% in PET-negative pts, 33% in PET-positive pts)
  5. Torrey et al. Detection of relapse in early-stage Hodgkin’s disease: role of routine follow-up studies. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:1123
  6. Carde et al. Clinical staging versus laparotomy and combined modality with MOPP versus ABVD in early-stage Hodgkin’s disease: the H6 twin randomized trials from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:2258
  7. El-Galaly et al. Routine Bone Marrow Biopsy Has Little or No Therapeutic Consequence for Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography–Staged Treatment-Naive Patients With Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:4508(No patients with stage I or II disease based on PET had positive marrow bx; marrow bx did not affect treatment choice in any pt)
  8. Akhtari et al. Reclassifying patients with early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma based on functional radiographic markers at presentation. Blood 2018;131:84
  9. Stephens et al. Five-year follow-up of SWOG S0816: limitations and values of a PET-adapted approach with stage III/IV Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2019;134:1238(25% of patients with negative PET scans after cycle 2/6 of ABVD relapsed)

CAR-T cells in Hodgkin lymphoma

  1. Ramos et al. Anti-CD30 CAR-T Cell Therapy in Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2020;38:3794

Stem Cell Transplantation in Hodgkin’s Disease

Complications of treatment

  1. Ng A. Current survivorship recommendations for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma: focus on late effects. Blood 2014;124:3373
  2. Hodgson DC. Late effects in the era of modern therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma. Hematology 2011:323
  3. Castellino et al. Morbidity and mortality in long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Blood 2011;117:1806.(24-fold increased risk of death from 2nd malignancy, 13-fold increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease)
  4. Travis L. Evaluation of the risk of therapy-associated complications in survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma. Hematology 2007:192
  5. Aleman et al.  Long-Term Cause-Specific Mortality of Patients Treated for Hodgkin’s Disease. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:3431
  6. Dores et al. Cause-Specific Mortality Following Initial Chemotherapy in a Population-Based Cohort of Patients With Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma, 2000-2016. J Clin Oncol 2020;38:4149 (Non-cancer mortality 2.4 fold higher than general US population)
  7. Josting et al. Secondary Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Patients Treated for Hodgkin’s Disease: A Report From the German Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:3440
  8. Ng et al.  Second malignancy after Hodgkin disease treated with radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy: long-term risks and risk factors. Blood 2002;100:1989
  9. Swerdlow et al. Second Cancer Risk After Chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Collaborative British Cohort Study. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:4096(2-fold risk increase with chemo alone, 4-fold with combined chemo/XRT)
  10. Bluhm et al. Cause-specific mortality and second cancer incidence after non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Blood 2008;111:4014
  11. Koontz et al. Risk of Therapy-Related Secondary Leukemia in Hodgkin Lymphoma: The Stanford University Experience Over Three Generations of Clinical Trials. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:592(Higher cumulative alklylating agent dose → more leukemia)
  12. Eichenauer et al. Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the German Hodgkin Study Group. Blood 2014;123:1658
  13. van Eggermond et al. Risk of multiple primary malignancies following treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2014;124:319
  14. Schaapveld et al. Second Cancer Risk Up to 40 Years after Treatment for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. NEJM 2015;373:2499(with editorial)
  15. de Vries et al. Risk of male breast cancer after Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2023;142:806
  16. Horning et al. Female reproductive potential after treatment for Hodgkin’s disease. NEJM 1981; 304:1377
  17. Weibull et al. Contemporarily Treated Patients With Hodgkin Lymphoma Have Childbearing Potential in Line With Matched Comparators. J Clin Oncol 2019;36:2718
  18. van der Kaaij et al. Premature Ovarian Failure and Fertility in Long-Term Survivors of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Group and Groupe d’Étude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte Cohort Study. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:291(“Non-alkylating chemotherapy carries little or no excess risk of POF”)
  19. De Bruin et al. Treatment-related risk factors for premature menopause following Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2008;111:101
  20. Sieniawski M. Fertility in male patients with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma treated with BEACOPP: a report of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG). Blood 2008;111:71
  21. van der Kaaij et al. Parenthood in Survivors of Hodgkin Lymphoma: An EORTC-GELA General Population Case-Control Study. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:3854 (Chance of successful post-treatment parenthood = 76%)
  22. Brämswig et al. Parenthood in adult female survivors treated for Hodgkin’s lymphoma during childhood and adolescence: a prospective, longitudinal study. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:667
  23. Hull et al. Valvular Dysfunction and Carotid, Subclavian, and Coronary Artery Disease in Survivors of Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated With Radiation Therapy. JAMA 2003;290:2831
  24. Aleman et al. Late cardiotoxicity after treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2007;109:1878
  25. Galper et al. Clinically significant cardiac disease in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma treated with mediastinal irradiation. Blood 2011;117:412(Cumulative incidence of cardiac events 16% after 20 years)
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